During digestion the starches and sugars in the food we eat are converted to glucose, a sugar that you body uses for fuel. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to control the amount of glucose in the blood. Without insulin, the body cannot use or store glucose, so it stays in the blood.
Type I, or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM): This type of Diabetes occurs when the pancreas fails to make enough insulin. Type I usually occurs in childhood or adolescence. People with type I diabetes must inject insulin everyday.
Type II, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM): This type of Diabetes occurs when body cells become resistant to insulin. Type II diabetes is more common among adults, especially those who are overweight and over age 40.
Many people with Type II Diabetes are able to control their blood sugar through weight control, regular exercise and a sensible diet.
Risk factors
- Age 40 or over;
- Overweight;
- Family history of diabetes.
Symptoms
- Increased thirst;
- Frequent urination;
- Increased appetite;
- Unexplained weight loss;
- Fatigue;
- Skin infections;
- Recurrent vaginitis;
- Difficulty with erections;
- Tingling or numbness in hands or feet.
Prevention
In most cases, the risk of Type II Diabetes can be reduced by regular exercise and by maintaining a healthy body weight.
Home Treatment
- If drugs are prescribed to control your blood sugar, take them as directed;
- Take good care of you feet;
- Get regular eye exams.
When to See a Doctor
Seek emergency services if a person with Diabetes loses consciousness and remains unconscious. If signs of high blood sugar develop in a person who was Diabetes:
- Frequent urination;
- Intense thirst;
- Dim vision;
- Rapid breathing;
- Fruity-smelling breath.